怎样选择合适的滚珠丝杠尺寸？

摘要： 滚珠丝杠是一种广泛应用于机械传动系统中的重要零部件，其性能对机械系统的运行效率和精度影响很大。本文主要研究滚珠丝杠的结构设计，包括螺纹剖面、滚珠尺寸、导向结构和密封结构等方面。 首先，通过对螺纹剖面的分析和比较，选择了三种常用的螺纹剖面：三角形、梯形和圆弧形。对比结果表明，圆弧形螺纹剖面具有更好的力学性能和耐磨性。 其次，根据滚珠丝杠的负载特点和运行条件，确定了适宜的滚珠尺寸和数量。通过有限元分析和试验验证，确定了最佳的滚珠尺寸和数量范围。 然后，设计了滚珠丝杠的导向结构，包括导向槽和导向体。通过有限元分析和试验验证，确定了最佳的导向结构参数和布局方案。 最后，设计了滚珠丝杠的密封结构，包括端盖密封和滚珠往复密封。通过实验验证，确定了最佳的密封结构参数和材料选择。 关键词：滚珠丝杠；结构设计；螺纹剖面；滚珠尺寸；导向结构；密封结构 Abstract： Ball screw is an important component widely used in mechanical transmission systems, and its performance has a great impact on the operation efficiency and accuracy of mechanical systems. This paper mainly studies the structural design of ball screws, including thread profile, ball size, guiding structure and sealing structure. Firstly, three commonly used thread profiles, triangular, trapezoidal and circular arc, were selected by analyzing and comparing the thread profiles. The comparison results show that the circular arc thread profile has better mechanical properties and wear resistance. Secondly, the suitable ball size and quantity were determined according to the load characteristics and operating conditions of the ball screw. The optimal ball size and quantity range were determined through finite element analysis and experimental verification. Then, the guiding structure of the ball screw was designed, including guiding groove and guiding body. The optimal guiding structure parameters and layout scheme were determined through finite element analysis and experimental verification. Finally, the sealing structure of the ball screw was designed, including end cover seal and reciprocating seal of ball. The optimal sealing structure parameters and material selection were determined through experimental verification. Keywords: ball screw; structural design; thread profile; ball size; guiding structure; sealing structure